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Buffalo Soldiers Served In The Great War

371st Infantry Band, c.1917, likely at Camp Jackson, SC,.

Possibly related to: Fort Bragg, North Carolina. 41st Engineers on parade with Sergeant Franklin Williams in color guard] March 1942.

Members of the Six Triple Eight take part in a parade commemorating Joan of Arc in Rouen, France, in May 1945.

After World War I and during the height of the Great Depression The Gold Star Pilgrimages (1930–1933) occurred following World War I, when the U.S. government funded all-expense-paid trips for mothers and unmarried widows to visit the overseas graves of their fallen soldiers. More than 6,000 women participated.

African American Gold Star mothers sail to France aboard the American Banker in 1933, on a mission to visit the graves of their sons killed in World War I.
(Dick Lewis/NY Daily News Archive via Getty Images)

A critique of the Gold Star pilgrimage program appeared on the cover of Chicago’s Metropolitan News in 1936. (Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California)

Contact print of a photograph of a group of African American convalescent patients, shown wearing their hospital gowns and hats [some of which appear handmade].

During the siege of Washington in April 1863, Union troops armed African Americans to participate in the defense of the town. The incident is an early example in North Carolina of the shift in U.S. policy towards recruiting African Americans for military service in the Civil War.

Black World War II servicemen socializing playing the piano and dancing at the then Algonquin Club.
Photograph: Durham, N. C. During WWII.

Even through we don't know where this woman was from we added her to our NC Military Collection.

Real-photo postcard of a studio portrait of Andrew J. Brown [or Browne] of Vaughn, N.C., wearing his U.S. Army uniform, sitting in a chair.
An African American soldier.

The African American Army Air Force Band performing at Service Club. ca.
1940's. Photograph: Jerry DeFelice - Source: Greensboro History Museum

Photographs late 1960's of Tuskegee Airman Lt. Col. Asa D. Herring, United States Air Force.
Born Oct. 3, 1926, in Dunn, North Carolina. Narrative and photos source: Luke Air Force Base, Ariz.

was a a Free Black man who moved to New Bern, Craven County, NC. His trade was a Cooper. He was also one of the "forgotten 14" Harlowe Patriot in the Revolutionary War. A cooper is a person trained to make wooden casks, barrels, vats, buckets, tubs, troughs and other similar containers from timber staves that were usually heated or steamed to make them pliable. These structures were used to store for transportation of dry and wet goods.

Out of the many Brunswick County men and women who served in the Vietnam war, ten lost their lives in service to our country. Here is some information about Captain McKenzie William “Billy” Jinwright.

Samuel de Korte: "I put the list together because so many of these voices are either under threat of being pushed out entirely or are just quietly forgotten. If people find even one new book or memoir that helps them better understand the USCT, and all branches of the U.S. Military, then it’s done its job."

showing Klan cross burned there after a remark he made referring to the camp as worse than Mississippi.

The Black Loyalists were the approximately 3,600 American African supporters of the British during the American Revolution repatriated to British Canada at the end of the conflict.

Documented Patriots: Historians and the DAR have identified at least 252 specific Black and multiracial Patriots (Free and Enslaved) who resided in North Carolina. Though estimates suggest the true number of those who served in the Continental line or state militia is closer to 468-500.

Bryan Dickson, Grandson of Isaac Dickson, 1917. Asheville, Buncombe County (N.C.)

Image 1/3: Circa 1899, Yosemite National Parks Buffalo Soldiers, 25th Infantry or the 9th Cavalry soldiers, .S. Army Yosemite National Parks.

1899 photo of Buffalo Soldiers in the 24th Infantry carrying out mounted patrol duties in Yosemite.

Image 3/3: Cavalry members from a Buffalo Soldier Regiment, standing by their horses. Circa 1899.

Image 2/3: 1899 photo of Buffalo Soldiers in the 24th Infantry carrying out mounted patrol duties in Yosemite.

Cavalry members from a Buffalo Soldier Regiment, standing by their horses. Circa 1895.

Buffalo Soldiers were America's first National Park Rangers

Celebration Day/ Memorial Day, photograph May 1868, National Cemetery, New Bern, North Carolina
Source: New Bern Historical Society

Photograph ca. 19430-1947

November 30, 1952, Charles George died at age 20 near Songnae-dong, Korea. Private First Class George, a member of the 45th Infantry Division, had sustained injuries the night before when he threw himself on a grenade to shield his comrades.

from Raleigh, North Carolina, was severely wounded in France during World War I, on November 11, 1918, just hours before the armistice took effect. He later passed away from his wounds and pneumonia on January 17, 1919, becoming the first Black soldier from Raleigh to lose his life in the war.
Left: Newspaper article from the News & Observer-Raleigh, NC- Saturday, July 30, 1920, pg 4.
Right: Pvt. Charles T. Norwood was buried in the Raleigh National Cemetery on August 1, 1921. He is buried in Section 8 Site 1226.

Charles W. Bundrige (1921-1997) joined Palmer Memorial Institute faculty in 1952

Did you know that Chatham County can claim at least 30 free people of color who participated in the Revolutionary War?

Chief Hiram A. Bennett (1922-1973) was a descendant of Washington and Jenny Harvey Bennett, both formerly enslaved at Somerset plantation

Circa 1899, Yosemite National Parks Buffalo Soldiers, 25th Infantry or the 9th Cavalry soldiers, .S. Army Yosemite National Parks.

Clara Adams-Ender was born In Willow Springs, North Carolina on Tue, 07.11.1939. She is an African American U.S. Army General, Nursing advocate and author.

Trezzvant William Anderson was a member of the 761st Tank Battalion of the U.S. Army during World War II. Anderson wrote the unit's history book "Come Out Fighting: The Epic Tale of the 761st Tank Battalion, 1942-1945" , exploits during World War II.
The battalion was made up of Black soldiers.

NATIONAL MALL LIBERTY FUND DC
By Maurice A. Barboza

Enslaved Revolutionary War Hero - In 1780, a ship, the Polly, headed out to break the British Blockade but was captured by a privateer, the Fame. Leaving five British sailors on board, the Polly headed to New York to the Admiralty Court during one of the worst winters on record. Currituck Jack, an enslaved man owned by Henry White, was tied up on deck while the ship’s crew, including Henry White, were tied up below deck. Currituck Jack got free, freed the other captives, and together they recaptured the ship. They sailed into Annapolis where the British sailors were turned over to the Continental Congress.

On June 7, 1969, Private First Class Dan Bullock, a rifleman in the U.S. Marine Corps, was mortally wounded by a burst of enemy small arms fire. He died shortly thereafter. He was only 15-years-old.

On May 1, 1865, freed slaves gathered in Charleston, South Carolina to commemorate the death of Union soldiers and the end of the American Civil War.

We need some help gathering information about this photograph.

Black and white outdoor photograph of three men in military uniforms standing in front of a tent.

1899 Engraving of Dr. Manassa Thomas Pope, first assistant surgeon for the Third North Carolina Regiment, an all-Black unit during the era of the Spanish American War.
Source: Broadside sheet with engraved portraits and short biographies of officers of the 3rd North Carolina Volunteer Regiment.

Thousands of men from North Carolina enlisted to fight in the Civil War, many them for the Confederacy, but some – including 1,300, white, eastern North Carolinians – went against their state’s government and fought for the Union Army. They were later joined by nearly 1,100 black men from region.

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Edward “Eddie” Allen (1893-1981), son of Green & Alice Cardwell Allen.
Shown in his military uniform

Ned was an enslaved man from Edgecombe County, North Carolina, who waged both physical battles during the Revolutionary War and legal battles to gain his freedom afterward.

Photograph:Elinor Powell (right) with a fellow nurse at POW Camp Florence in Arizona, circa 1944-1945 (Photo courtesy of Chris Albert)

For her 99th birthday, Elizabeth Barker Johnson was surprised with a party and an opportunity she has longed for since 1949. The World War II veteran found out she would finally be able to put on her cap and gown and walk across the stage at Winston-Salem State University’s graduation.

Top image: Photograph part of the exhibit "100 Voices of the Commonwealth". From the private collection of Dr. Sharonn Williams, the great grand-daughter of Georgiana and Ephraim Slaughter.
Bottom image: Mr. Ephraim Slaughter ca 1935. Source: From the private collection of Sharonn L. Williams, Boiling Springs, PA.

Real-photo postcard of a studio portrait of Ernest Richardson of the community of Essex in Halifax County, N.C.

He is wearing his U.S. Army uniform, sitting in an elaborately-carved wood chair with an American flag in the background.

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James William Alston was a First Lieutenant in the 372nd Infantry, an all-Black regiment, during World War I.
Alston was born in Wake County, NC on January 16, 1876. In 1907, he started working as a janitor and messenger for the State Museum, later the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. During the war, Alston wrote several letters to H. H. Brimley, who was White. Brimley was a curator and the first director of the State Museum.

First Negro Nurses Land in England. England, 1944. August 21.

Frank Roberts, an Elizabeth City native and member of the 1st North Carolina Colored Volunteers, which was later renamed the 35th USCI

Photograph description: Sgt. Franklin Williams of the US Army 41st Engineers leads his platoon on a charge.
Fort Bragg, North Carolina,1942.

Brewer graduated from Shaw University in Raleigh in 1942.
He enlisted in the Army the following year and trained as a pilot at Tuskegee Army Air Field in Tuskegee, Alabama.

The Marine Corps' First Black Commissioned Officer: The Life and Legacy of Frederick C. Branch

Battles and wars: World War II
Years of service: 1943-1955
Rank: Captain

Frederick Clinton Branch (May 31, 1922 – April 10, 2005) was the first African-American officer of the United States Marine Corps.

Medical Det. Recruit, WWI.
Enlisted June 9th, 1918, Nash County, NC.

Born and raised in Washington, NC, he was one of the "Golden Thirteen," the first Black commissioned officers in the U.S. Navy, who served in WWII. He is standing on front row in the middle.
ca. 1944. Photograph sourced from: U.S. Navy

Undated studio portrait taken as a memento for his family during WWI.

Mr. Grady Jackson, in his military uniform. He was a member of Boone’s (NC) historically Black community, Junaluska.

Image: Combahee River Raid. Harper’s Weekly, July 4, 1863.
On June 1, 1863, 300 soldiers in the 34th USCT (2nd South Carolina Volunteers), the 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, Harriet Tubman, and Colonel James Montgomery departed the present-day Henry C. Chambers Waterfront Park in downtown Beaufort on board three gunboats, the Sentinel, John Adams, and Harriet A. Weed. They sailed north from Beaufort up the Coosaw River around the north end of Ladies Island. One of Tubman’s recruits, Isaac Hayward, a formerly enslaved boatman born near the Coosaw River, may have suggested reaching the Combahee by way of Coosaw, as opposed to the more open route through the St. Helena Sound. The Sentinel ran aground near present day Brickyard Point on the north end of Ladies Island, and the soldiers transferred over to the Harriet A Weed. The two remaining vessels continued on.

Words on image: Tubman was a spy for the Union army during the Civil War which was fought to Emancipate Enslaved Black people.
Massachusetts Governor John Andrew, a staunch abolitionist, asked Tubman to join the contingent of his state’s volunteers heading for South Carolina, and promised his sponsorship. Andrew also obtained military passage for Tubman on USS Atlantic.

Henry Johnson was born July 15 1892. He was a decorated African American soldier in WW1.
He was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina William Henry Lincoln Johnson moved to Albany, New York when he was in his early teens. He worked as a redcap porter at the Albany Union Station on Broadway.

was a veteran of World War I who lived in Mooresville, North Carolina

Real-photo postcard of a studio portrait of Herman Somerville of Warrenton, N.C.

He is wearing his U.S. Army uniform, standing with his arms behind his back.
An African American soldier, Somerville served during World War I in Company 19, 161st Depot Brigade, and Company F, 365th Infantry, 92nd Division, U.S. Army (undated)

Howard P. Perry was the first Negro to enlist in the U.S.Marine Corps at Camp Lejune, on June 1, 1942
"Breaking a tradition of 167 years, the U.S. Marine Corps started enlisting Negroes on June 1, 1942.

Photograph: Hyde County African American Servicemen WW I
2.B9.F10.1: Unidentified group of Hyde County, N.C., African-American men, believed to have been taken after they appear at the county draft board office for World War I [photograph possibly taken in Fairfield, N.C.]- Source: Source: State Archives of North Carolina Raleigh, NC - WWI 2.B9.F10.1

Inez Namoi Stroud was born on 9 July 1909 in Wilmington, North Carolina. She was the third of nine children of the Rev. C.A. Stroud and Mrs. Beatrice Ford Stroud. Her father was a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and the family moved frequently.

We decided to add this interview between 2n​d​ ​Lieutenant Ivan James McRae, Jr who was with the Tuskegee Airmen, and his granddaughter Briana R. McRae to this gallery.

STUDIO SHOT, NO. 176: JAMES EDWARD BARNES.

This photograph shows James Edward Barnes (1926-1955), in his World War II uniform.

In the 1930 census of Black Creek township, Wilson County: Frank Barnes, 22, farm laborer; wife Iantha, 17; and children James E., 4, and Oza, 1.

Pictured is James Hunter Young, politician, businessman and racial spokesman.

Born in Vance county in 1858, Hunter came to Raleigh following the Civil War, where he later became actively involved in the Republican Party, and later Fusion politics in the 1890s.

Jean Marie Bright was born on 25 September 1915, the daughter of farmers John and Lollie Bright of Rutherford County, North Carolina.

Image: Jean Moore Fasse (seated) and other Special Services members participate in craft activities with two Army soldiers, circa 1955.

Joe Louis poses with a group of African Army soldiers from the 364th Infantry Regiment (Colored), 92nd Infantry Division

French real-photo postcard of John H. Hunter of Warrenton, N.C., wearing his full U.S. Army uniform and campaign hat, standing outside in front of a stone wall with his arms at his sides.

An African American soldier, Hunter served in the Army’s Quartermaster Corps during World War I (undated).

Lieutenant John Withers had every reason to say no.
The army, though segregated, was his only realistic shot at a better life. As an aspiring professor, Withers hoped the GI Bill would help him get a Ph.D., and maybe — just maybe — escape the fate that America had written for him.

Top photographs: Lt. Col. Charity Edna Early
Bottom photograph: Photo: Maj Charity Adams (centre) inspects the first arrivals to the 6888th in England in February 1945.

Lawrence E. Allen (center) and two unidentified African American shipmates from an unidentified U.S. Navy ship [believed to be the USS Macon], pictured walking down the road wearing their U.S.

of Harnett County and Raleigh. Blue is U.S. Army trailblazer who became one of the first female officers in the 82nd Airborne Division

Sam Martin Bruce Jr. was born on December 7, 1915, in Houston, Texas. Bruce’s father, Samuel Martin Bruce Sr. (1858–1927) died when he was a young boy. His mother, Barbara Brenda Bruce Sellars (1943–1988) remarried and the family relocated to Seattle, Washington.

Photograph of 1st Lt. Bennis Blue (center, left with pack on) being fitted in preparation for a practice paratrooper jump with the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, N.C., in 1978.

Portrait, 1942

Allen Oden was born enslaved in Beaufort County, North Carolina, on July 8, 1840, one of more than ninety people enslaved by members of the Oden family. At age eight, his parents were sold, leaving him with no family.

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Charley's Bar Offered a safe space for Black military people.

Martin was one of 14 “free men of color” from the Carteret County community of Harlowe who enlisted to fight for America between 1777 and 1782. The "Forgotten 14" Harlowe Patriots were Black patriots from North Carolina.

(August 1912 – February 2, 2010)
She was an American nurse and midwife.

Photograph:Newspaper clipping about Mattie Donnel Hicks. From the Greensboro Daily News, April 12, 1966.

The Black Roots Of The Day Have Been Erased From Popular Culture, History Books And Official Commemoration.

Memorial Day Was Created By Freed Black People To Celebrate Black Liberation From American Chattel Slavery.

Black people created Decoration Day which was renamed Memorial Day. Whites erased the founders from history.

No matter what we accomplished abroad or in America, we were still identified as second class citizens in America.

Photo: Millie Dunn Veasey and her unit's contribution to WW2 was "huge", one expert said.

Obituary: Millie Dunn Veasey, pioneering sergeant turned rights activist
By Roland Hughes
BBC News
18 March 2018

In September 2016, President Obama and Dunn Veasey saluted each other at an event commemorating women who served in WWII

Marine Corps of Monfort Marines in New River, N.C.
Left: In this April 1943 photograph provided by the Marine Corps, a platoon of Monfort Marine recruits stand at attention in New River, N.C. Nearly 70 years after the Marine Corps, the last military branch to racially integrate, accepted segregated Black units, the Marine Corps' top general is pushing to honor the history of the Monfort Point Marines. - Source: Marine Corps
Right: Montford Point Marines posing in dress blue uniforms outside a battalion headquarters building at Montford Point Camp in North Carolina, May 1943.
Source: Military Times

Undated photograph

Racial Barrier-Busting U.S. Navy B-1 Band The First African American Band Honored With Chapel Hill NC Historical Marker
MAY 25, 2017 By Tammy Grubb

The 44 members of the U.S. Navy B-1 Band cracked the color barrier, leaving an impression on the Chapel Hill community during their two-year service on UNC’s campus during World War II.

Portrait of 20 year old Petty Officer Neil Frye, a Hoke County, North Carolina native, was lost when the USS West Virginia was sunk by Japanese aircraft on Dec. 7, 1941.
Source: ABC11 News-Friday, March 14, 2025

the Third North Carolina Volunteer Infantry, Raleigh, N. C. Spanish American War. The first negro regiment ever organized and entirely officered by colored men.

Oscar McMickens, portrait ca.1905

This is Mr. Parker David Robbins, he was a free person of Indigenous American and African descent, and he constructed the steamboat Saint Peter in 1888.

Born in 1834 in either Colerain Township, Bertie County, North Carolina or the Choanoac Indian community of Gates County, North Carolina.

Pea Island Life-Saving Station was a life-saving station on Pea Island, on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. It was the first life-saving station in the country to have an all-black crew, and it was the first in the nation to have a black man, Richard Etheridge, as commanding officer.

N.C. Aquarium Will Highlight Keeper Of Pea Island Lifesaving Station
By Jeff Hampton / The Virginian-Pilot -Feb 07, 2015 AT 12:00 AM

Image description from article about painting: Top Image is a painting of Richard Etheridge, keeper of the first all-Black U.S. Lifesaving Station at Pea Island, stands with his crew at the far left. His portrait has been enlarged to the right in this painting. the painting is by Outer Banks artist James Melvin.

was a victim of racial violence whose murder in North Carolina, United States is considered to be one of a series of outrages that contributed to rising activism in the Civil Rights Movement.

On June 17, 2023, the ceremony to deliver the medals and awards to Robert Stanley’s family was held at the cemetery where he was laid to rest.
“God has blessed me and allowed me to see and do so much, and even more so, allowed me to witness such an amazing recognition of my grandfather’s sacrifice,” said Fred “Stan” Stanley, May 7, 2019.

Ralph Berry was the U.S. Coast Guard’s first African American diver.

On Nov 23, 2021 he was recognized for his service in Elizabeth City, NC.

Berry grew up in Manteo, enlisted in 1974 and in 1979 he completed dive training.

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Real-photo postcard of a studio portrait of Richard E. Pennington of Macon, N.C., wearing his full U.S. Army uniform, standing and holding an American flag on a pole, with a hand-painted backdrop behind him. An African-American soldier, Pennington served during World War I in Company E, 365th Infantry, 92nd Division, U.S. Army

Keeper Richard Etheridge (on left) and the Pea Island Life-Saving crew in front of their station, circa 1896. Pea Island, NC
Pea Island Life-Saving Station was a life-saving station on Pea Island, on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. It was the first life-saving station in the country to have an all-black crew, and it was the first in the nation to have a black man, Richard Etheridge, as commanding officer.

Robert Allen (1891_1935), son of Green & Alice Cardwell Allen. Shown in his military uniform.

This image is part of a collection of family artifacts, papers, including several albums.

October 10, 1837, Robert Gould Shaw was born.
Shaw was born in Boston into one of the wealthiest families in the country.
As a young man, he was anti-slavery but never seemed to pick up the same zeal for abolition that his parents did saying “I don’t see how one man can do much against slavery."

Photo and information credit:
Mrs. Denise Hester (daughter).

SALUTE! WORLD WAR II VETERAN

My father Robert Lee Weaver served in the US Army in combat in the South Pacific/Philippines warfront.

He attained the rank of Sergeant before being honorably discharged.

The Marine Corps' First Black Commissioned Officer
Photo above is of his actual commissioning as a second lieutenant in 1945 (Quantico, Virginia) and the "pinning on" by his wife, Camilla "Peggy" Branch.

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Photograph: Three Generations of Documented Military Service
Surrounded by family members, William A. Tucker a WWII and Vietnam veteran (center) accepts Butler Medal posthumously

June 5, 1917 , This was the first military registration day in Southport for the elective enrollment of men, and on this day it was taking place all over the United States.

Tuskegee Airman Was Born In Winston-Salem and Taught At Pender County Training School Before Taking To The Air

BY Claudia Stack

Spurgeon Neal Ellington/American Air Museum in Britain

Real-photo postcard of Stanley Williams of the small community of Elberon in Warren County, N.C.

He is wearing his U.S. Army uniform, standing with his arms at his sides outside next to a building at an unidentified location.

High school classmates

This is a Certificate of Freedom presented to one of the soldiers in the Black Pioneers Loyalist Company. It was issued by Samuel Birch who was the author of the Book Of Negros.

One of the more obscure areas that Mary McLeod Bethune had a hand in was World War II shipbuilding.
This photograph is being added to the series of photographs revealing the history of the Black Rosie the Riveters That Have Been Hidden.

Top photo: Lt. John Willis briefs a B-25 aircrew before a mission in the summer of 1945. (U.S. Air Force, 557th Weather Wing.)
Middle photo: Two observers prepare a forecast in 1945 in the weather office at Godman Field, Ky. (U.S. Air Force, 557th Weather Wing)
Bottom photo: Brig. Gen. Charles McGee, 100, a veteran and Tuskegee Airman, attends African American Pioneers in Aviation and Space Family Day on Feb. 8 at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Chantilly, Va.
Credit: Marvin Joseph/The Washington Post

Studio portrait of African American U.S. Army Lt. Thomas J. Bullock.
Bullock was born and raised in Henderson, N.C.

He served in the Spanish-American War, and later served as the principal of the Williston Industrial School in Wilmington, N.C.

He was active in developing the baseball park for the Negro League. He also founded the Southeastern Business College in Durham. Mr. Stith taught Sunday School at the St. James Baptist church for 15 years.
He was inducted into Hall of Fame 2005.

Escaped Slave Joins Company K, 37th Infantry, USCT
by ccwinslow394 | Sep 2, 2018 | Craven, Union affiliation

Left portrait: Trezzvant W. Anderson (born in Charlotte, NC November 22, 1906 and died March 25, 1963) began his career in journalism and activism in the late 1920s. Not long after he dropped out of Johnson C. Smith University in Charlotte, NC, and after he landed a job with the federal Railway Mail Service, this official photograph of Anderson was taken in 1938.

The B-1 Band’s beginning is credited to four Black university and business leaders who garnered support from UNC President Frank Porter Graham and North Carolina Gov. J. Melville Broughton in finding a role for Black men in the war effort.

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Original photograph on left: The original of this image has not surfaced since it was sold by dealer James Spina, the former proprieter of a Connecticut antique shop, to an unknown collector in the 1970s. Spina made this copy before selling it. The photographer who took this group portrait is also a mystery. Courtesy of James Spina.

In 2007, Jerome Handler and Michael Tuite Jr., published an online essay, “Retouching History: The Modern Falsification of a Civil War Photograph,”

Item description: Illustration, published in Harper’s Weekly on 23 January 1864, entitled “Colored troops, under General Wild, liberating slaves in North Carolina.” The illustration depicts the liberation of slaves in Camden County, North Carolina.

United States Colored Troops: Fighting for Freedom By John H. Haley, PhD

On June 19, 1863, the first company of United States Colored Troop raised in North Carolina—and quite possibly the nation. The brigade’s First Regiment of North Carolina Colored Volunteers was based at New Bern.

Although Veterans Day, as a nationally recognized holiday, did not come about until after the end of the Reconstruction Era, Americans have been commemorating our country’s veterans for generations.

They were called "the code girls"
Photograph: Col. William Coffee Bearce III standing in the background with the secret Black special unit that was vital to the United States military During both World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). These purposely overlooked women spent their time breaking the German and Japanese military codes.
Photograph source: Photo courtesy of Center for Local History, Arlington Public Library and The National Security Agency.

Fifty years ago, July 20, 1969 while other U.S. troops were fighting in Vietnam, dozens of Marines at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were rioting on the base. I

Zachariah proudly served his nation during the American Revolutionary War with at least three known tours of duty and was wounded during the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina.