Portrait description: The Golden Thirteen, photographed on 17 March 1944.
Top row: John Walter Reagan, Jesse Walter Arbor, Dalton Louis Baugh, Frank Ellis Sublett.
Middle row: Graham Edward Martin, Charles Byrd Lear, Phillip George Barnes, Reginald E. Goodwin.
Bottom row: James Edward Hair, Samuel Edward Barnes, George Clinton Cooper, William Sylvester White, Dennis Denmark Nelson.
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Bio
George Clinton Cooper was born in Washington, Beaufort County, North Carolina, on 7 September 1916, the son of James Edward Cooper and Laura Jane (Johnson) Cooper. He did his undergraduate work at Hampton Institute in Hampton, Virginia, where he met his wife Margarett Gillespie from Ohio, (1913 - 2013). They married in 1939 and they had one daughter named Peggy.

In 1940, he took a job as a sheet-metal instructor at the National Youth Administration, housed at Wilberforce University in Ohio, but returned to Hampton after the outbreak of the war to teach metalsmiths at the Class A naval training school there. On 21 June 1943, Cooper enlisted in the Navy, receiving a direct appointment as a chief petty officer.

He continued teaching in Hampton until ordered to the Recruit Training Center, Great Lakes Illinois, where he entered an officer training course, and was commissioned as an ensign on 24 February 1944. Because his off-the-rack uniform needed no alterations, he became the first African-American to wear a naval officer’s uniform.

Following his commissioning, he returned to Hampton as a personnel officer and training supervisor, before receiving orders to the Pacific in 1945. Undergoing a routine medical exam in Norfolk in advance of his deployment, doctors discovered a back injury sustained during officer’s training that precluded him from serving. He was given a medical discharge and released from the Navy in 1945.

Earning a master’s degree from Columbia University in 1948, Cooper continued on as an educator, working again at Wilberforce University as well as Antioch College.

In 1969, he became the first African American Director of Human Resources for the city of Dayton, Ohio, serving in that job until his retirement in 1981. He continued to work, however, as a concessionaire at the Dayton International Airport, creating a successful business with multiple storefronts.

In failing health, George Clinton Cooper died on 20 May 2002 at Sycamore Hospital in Miamisburg, Ohio.

Margarett Cooper Obituary
COOPER--Margarett Gillespie, died peacefully on September 20, 2013 at Lenox Hill Hospital. She was born in Ohio on October 15, 1913, to Ella and Isaac Nathaniel Gillespie and was the youngest among Isaac Jr., Constance and Paul.

Margarett took her father's love of books and her own delight in people to Wilberforce College where she was both a stellar student and a homecoming queen. Her mentor, the college librarian, was a force for intellectual and professional ambition, and Margarett graduated in 1937 with a determination to pursue graduate study in library science.

When depression era scarcity delayed Margarett's studies, she taught for two years in a WPA nursery school. She subsequently earned a Masters in library science at Hampton University and pursued additional graduate study at Columbia University.

She worked as a children's librarian in Virginia, and Ohio, inspiring growth and hope in countless young people. While at Hampton University, Margarett met and fell in love with a dashing young undergraduate, George Clinton Cooper.

Their marriage in 1939 lasted until his death in 2002. George was a member of the "Golden Thirteen," the first African American officers in the United States Navy. He subsequently headed the trade school at Hampton, after which the couple moved to Ohio where George continued to work in education and urban administration.

After her husband's death, Margarett moved to New York, a city she had always loved. Margarett thrived on New York's intellectual richness and quickly gathered friends across its multiple cultures. A painstaking genealogist, she discovered a family history of slave resistance and proud emancipation.

An ardent fan of jazz and classical music, she was, at age 97, a savvy guest host on WBGO Jazz Radio. (To see a photo and listen to the broadcast visit http://www.wbgo.org/ blog/margaret-cooper-host-hour.)

Margarett was an enthusiastic supporter and goading advisor to all the people she loved. She is survived by a daughter, Peggy Cooper Davis, a son-in-law, Gordon J. Davis, a granddaughter, Elizabeth Cooper Davis, a great- grandson, Johari Cooper Davis Moses and a large and adoring circle of extended family and friends.

Margarett was a generous, sharp-witted, politically passionate and spirited force throughout her 100 years. We celebrate her life even as we suffer her loss. Friends are encouraged to honor her memory with commitment to social justice. She would also be honored by gifts to the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, the Center for Family Representation, Jazz at Lincoln Center or the Studio Museum of Harlem.
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The Golden Thirteen were the thirteen African American enlisted men who became the first African American commissioned and warrant officers in the United States Navy.

History
Throughout the history of the United States until the end of World War I, the Navy had enlisted African Americans for general service, but they were barred from joining from 1919 to 1932. From 1893 onwards, African Americans could only join the Navy’s Messman’s and Steward’s branches, which not only segregated African Americans from the rest of the Navy community, but also precluded them from becoming commissioned officers.[2]

In June 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the executive order #8802 prohibiting ethnic and racial discrimination by federal agencies or contractors involved in the defense industry.[3]

In April 1942, thanks to protests and pressure from civil rights leaders and the black press, the Navy allowed black men into the general service ratings for the first time.[4]

Responding to pressure from First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Adlai Stevenson, in January 1944, the Navy began an officer training course for 16 African-American enlisted men at Camp Robert Smalls, Recruit Training Center Great Lakes (now known as Great Lakes Naval Training Station), in Illinois.

To ensure their failure,[5] the normal training period of 16 weeks was reduced to 8 weeks for the black cadets. When they realized that someone in the Navy wanted them to wash out, the cadets covered up the windows of their barracks and studied all night.

When they were tested, the entire group passed with high marks. Disbelief in the chain of command that an all-black cadet class could achieve higher scores than an all-white one meant that the black sailors had to suffer the indignity of retaking their tests. Again, all 16 passed; the class average at graduation was 3.89.[6]

Although all sixteen members of the class passed the course, only twelve were commissioned in March 1944: Jesse Walter Arbor (1914–2000), Phillip George Barnes (1909-1949), Samuel Edward Barnes (1915-1997), Dalton Louis Baugh Sr. (1912-1985), George Clinton Cooper (1916-2002), Reginald Ernest Goodwin (1907-1974), James Edward Hair (1915–1992), Graham Edward Martin (1919-2006), Dennis Denmark Nelson (1907-1979), John Walter Reagan (1920–1994), Frank Ellis Sublett (1920-2006), and William S. White (1914-2004) were commissioned as Ensigns; Charles Byrd Lear (1916–1946) was appointed as a Warrant Officer. Augustus Alves, J.B. Pinkney, and Lewis "Mummy" Williams also passed the exam but were not given commissions.

The reason why only 13 gained rank, despite all the men being successful in training was never explained, but it is noted that this rate brought the pass-rate down to the level of the average class of white candidates.[1][6][7]

Because Navy policy barred blacks from being assigned to combat ships, the first class of black officers were assigned to command shore logistics units, small tug and tender ships, and training African American enlisted.[8]

Postwar
President Harry S. Truman officially desegregated the U.S. military in 1948. At the time of the Golden Thirteen's commissioning, there were approximately 100,000 African American men serving in the United States Navy's enlisted ranks.

Of the 13, most separated just after the war as LTJG. Three, Baugh, Nelson, and Reagan, remained until retiring as LCDR. Samuel Barnes became the athletic director at Howard University and served on the executive committee of the NCAA, the first African American to do so.

Dalton Baugh served as an instructor of the Navy Engineering School and later at MIT. Dennis Nelson served as a Public Affair Officer and submitted a report entitled "The Integration of the Negro into the U.S. Navy", which was subsequently published as a book in 1951. William White would go on to serve as the presiding judge of the Cook County Juvenile Court and justice of the Illinois Appellate Court.[7][9]

Frank E. Sublett, the last living member of the group, died in 2006.[1][10]

The Golden Thirteen's Legacy
On Monday April 11, 1982, the Golden Thirteen were brought together for a weeklong celebration of their 1944 accomplishment.

On the evening of April 12, 1982, they were feted at a reception by the Tidewater Chapter of the National Naval Officers Association at the Breezy Point Officers Club. The reception was covered by all of the local Tidewater media as well as national media.

On the morning of April 13, the men were heloed out to the USS KIDD where they were given a three-day VIP tour of the ship and updated on the "modern Navy." The men departed the KIDD on the 15th after two days of "at sea" orientation and national media interviews.

The highlight of the at sea cruise was the unexpected reunion of the men with one of their "long lost" classmates, Mr. James Hair, who learned of the reunion from television interviews he saw while at home in Brooklyn, NY. The morning of 16 April 1982, the men were flown to Washington, DC, via Eastern Airlines, given a tour of the Pentagon, and met with and had a two-hour lunch with the Secretary of the Navy, John Lehman, then Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral James Watkins, and the Chief of Navy Information, RADM Bruce Newell.

The week concluded as it began, with a media covered reception, hosted by the DC Chapter of the National Naval Officers Association at the Clarendon Hotel across from the Pentagon. "In The Shadow of The Golden Thirteen - A Nice Negro Story" by Gerald Collins https://www.amazon.com/Shadow-Golden.../dp/1421835428

In 1987, the U.S. Navy reunited the seven living members to dedicate a building in their honor at Great Lakes Naval Recruit Training Command, Illinois. Today, Building 1405 at RTC Great Lakes, where recruits first arrive for basic training, is named "The Golden Thirteen" in honor of them.

In 2006, ground was broken on a World War II memorial in North Chicago, Illinois to honor the Golden Thirteen and Doris Miller. Today, the Golden 13 Memorial is located at Veterans Memorial Park, Sheridan Boulevard & 18th Street.[11]
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George Clinton Cooper's obituary: https://www.newspapers.com/article/dayton-daily-news-obituary-for-george-c/173779082/

Sources: Recruit Training Center; Wikipedia; wikitree; Legacy dot com obituaries