Our Coast’s People: Dr. Ben Speller of Edenton

by Kip Tabb / Coastal Review - 09/27/2021

Dr. Ben Speller, a retired professor and dean of the School of Library and Information Sciences at North Carolina Central University, left his family’s farm in Bertie County in the 1950s, but his journey eventually led back to his childhood home where he stays active in the community.

That journey includes a history degree from what is now North Carolina Central University but was known as North Carolina College when he attended. He earned a master’s in library science and a doctorate in management information systems, both from the University of Indiana. And he has worked for the state and the federal governments. His work has been credited as inspiring the creation of the state’s African American Heritage Commission.

Having retired in 2003, Speller serves on the board of directors for the Roanoke Island Historical Association, the nonprofit group that produces “The Lost Colony” outdoor drama. He is secretary of the Edenton Historical Commission and board vice president with Bertie County Hope Plantation.

“The reason why I’m in a lot of different places is because I believe in collaboration. I try to see the opportunities in different places to develop what the communities need,” Speller recently told Coastal Review.

His range of interests includes everything from the intricacies of government budgeting processes to his multi-racial heritage and the state of race relations today. Cheerful, outgoing and friendly, his observations are often delivered with a smile and a bit of laughter but also with the seriousness of a history scholar and archivist when discussing present-day problems that are deeply rooted in the nation’s past.

Race relations throughout history and race itself aren’t always as clear as black and white, Speller has learned.
“I’m from a mixed-race family. I have family members that — generally I’m talking about my white ones — that don’t want anybody to know that they have any Black relatives,” Speller said.

Speller was born in Bertie County in 1940.
“I grew up on my grandfather’s farm,” Speller said. “His father was an only child, which is quite unusual for an African American family. I don’t know how he got his economic situation, but I would say he was middle class. I mean, he had more economic resources than most African Americans of that time.”

Those resources factored in during his grade-school education that was spent entirely in segregated schools. Although school funding and supplies were often lacking, the level of instruction and quality of teachers were on a par with the white schools, he said.

There was the chemistry teacher with a degree in chemistry who was also a coach at the school, but as his coaching duties took over, the home economics teacher filled in as chemistry teacher.
“She was really better than he was. She later went to medical school,” Speller said.

Speller’s grandfather, however, felt more was needed.
“My grandfather … he had a classical curriculum and he thought that we (Speller and his brother and sister) should have it too,” he recalled. “When we got to a certain age, they didn’t have German, and he thought we should have German and I went to Philadelphia during the summer and took German at one of the year-round schools there.”

After high school, Speller’s education continued at what is now North Carolina Central University, a historically Black university in Durham. At that time, N.C. Central was called North Carolina College at Durham.

Speller was a history major and in 1961, after only three years, was close to completing his degree requirements. He needed two more courses but those were offered only at nearby Duke University, which wouldn’t admit its first Black undergraduates for another two years.
On Speller’s behalf, North Carolina College President Alfonso Elder spoke with Duke University’s president.

“They ended up wanting me to take some courses in the history department, but the history department did not want to accept a Black (person) at that time,” Speller said. “So, I ended up finding two courses in colonization of Africa in the department of history in the (university’s) school of religion.”

Speller said those two courses were essential to his understanding of the role of race, religion and politics in the world.
“That opportunity gave me a different perspective on looking at the colonization of this country, and also the current and past caste system that we have,” Speller said. “It made me realize that most of what was going on was really for economic reasons. You could really see what was going on. Even though the missionaries were there to proselytize, it appears that they were they are also for economic reasons.”

This kind of perspective has become especially controversial in terms of America’s history. The term critical race theory has evoked fiery passion during the past year, especially among those who most adamantly oppose the concept without a clear grasp of its meaning.

The American Bar Association defines critical race theory as a practice that emerged among legal scholars that examines how race and institutionalized racism created and perpetuates a system that relegates people of color to the lowest tiers of society.

For Speller, critical race theory is not an academic construct — it’s just reality.
“When somebody talks about critical race theory, I say, ‘We didn’t have to deal with critical race theory, we knew exactly what it was.’ It was a fact, it wasn’t a theory,” he said.

Speller has extensively researched his family’s history and that of other families and concluded that economic and social divisions are clear even where racial lines may be blurred.

Speller’s family research goes back to the 1640s and has turned up family connections that in some cases were never acknowledged. Links include a former North Carolina governor and a number of prominent white families.
“I have a whole slew of family members that have mixed race, but they were never slaves. I mean, a whole bunch of white mothers,” he said. “The ones I know claim they are white or believe they are, but there may be some mixed blood in there.”

His paternal grandmother was named Outlaw, and her father was of mixed heritage, “and his father was one of the Outlaw sons of one of the large plantation owners of Bertie County,” Speller said.

The Outlaw surname was what sparked Speller’s family research. He had been contacted by a woman from Texas who was an Outlaw descendant, and she was looking for a family church that had been in either Chowan or Bertie County. She told him that as she was researching her family tree, she discovered Speller’s family seemed to be connected.

“She said, ‘Whatever I find here, I’ll send to you. We are almost identical, in the same situation.’ And then I took it from there and went back to the assessor’s records and all of the records back to the 1640s and got it together.”

Along the way he relied on public records and genetic testing as research tools, but there was at least one other trusted source of information.

“The women know (family histories) better than the males. Every time we do editing of our history books on Bertie (County), … they tell everything. I found out that the white women in the area know more about the history of these situations than the men think they do,” he said.


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Dr. Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., former archivist, long-time preservationist, and the first North Carolina Central University Dean of Library Sciences, has played a vital role in the preservation of African American history and culture in North Carolina. Dr. Speller's advocacy, vision, leadership and preservation provided the early inspiration and foundation for the creation of the state's African American Heritage Commission.

Dr. Speller served as Dean of the NCCU School of Library and Information Sciences between 1983 and 2003. In 1984, he established the African American Resources Program in the School of Library and Information Sciences. In partnership with the North Carolina Center for the Study of Black History, an African American Archival Collection was established in 1985. In 1998, the archival collection was moved to UNC-Chapel Hill Manuscripts Department as a joint African American Research Archive. This collaborative archival project is viewed by the national archival, historical, and humanities communities as a pioneering model for preservation of African American documentary resources.

An avid historic preservationist, Dr. Speller has served on the Board of Directors of nearly all of the state's historic preservation organizations. He served as president of the St. Joseph's Historic Foundation (1986-1994) during the initial renovation of the Education Building of the Historic St. Joseph's AME Church complex and proposed the current name of this community facility, the Hayti Heritage Center of Durham.

He served as president of the Historic Stagville Foundation; President of the Historic Preservation Society of Durham; President of the Historic Hope Foundation and is current program chair of the African American History Committee, Windsor, North Carolina. He served on the Board of Directors of the Historic Preservation of North Carolina; and served on its Executive Committee, and was one of its representatives on the Board of Directors of the Bellamy Mansion of Decorative Arts in Wilmington.

He is the charter chair of the North Carolina African American Network for Historic Preservation which was found March 1998 through the efforts of a state-wide taskforce of the State Historic Preservation Office, North Carolina Department of Archives and History. He was a member of the state's National Register Advisory Committee and the State Historical Records Advisory Board (SHRAB). He is also a long-time member of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. In recognition of his many contributions, he received the 1998 Ruth Coltrane Cannon Award, North Carolina's most prestigious Preservation Award.

Dr. Speller has received a variety of additional honors: Distinguished Services Award (1971), Elizabeth City State University; Distinguished Alumni Award in Library Science (1986), Indiana University; listed in Who's Who in America 1987; and the Road Builders Award (1997), North Carolina Library Association.

Dr. Speller currently spends most his time as a volunteer in Edenton, North Carolina where he serves as a member and secretary of the Edenton Historical Commission. He also serves as Chair of its History and Legends Taskforce. He is President of the Friends of the Museum of the Albemarle and is a Columnist for the Elizabeth City Daily Advance Newspaper.

Source: NC AFAM Heritage Commission - [Adapted from biography submitted by the honoree.]