-Note- Though this is Virginia history, we know state lines were created and recreated several times before the Revolutionary War, and we know that a slaver would own plantations in several states, and we know people were sold and transported across state lines.
We also know slaves self-emancipated and moved to different states.
This is why we are adding this information to a gallery specific to North Carolina because many of the freed Black people could have ended up in North Carolina. -End note-
---

Robert "Councillor" Carter III (February 28, 1728 – March 10, 1804)

The Carter Manumission and Deed of Gift

On September 5, 1791, when Carter delivered his deed, chattel slavery was an institution, a key engine of the new country’s economy.

But many slaveholders—including founding fathers George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, who knew Carter—had begun to voice doubts. That was the extent of their umbrage. . . .

After the death of his wife, Frances Ann Tasker Carter, in 1787, Carter embraced the Swedenborgian faith and freed almost 500 slaves from his Nomini Hall plantation and large home in Westmoreland County.

The patriarch of one of the wealthiest families in Virginia, quietly walked into a Northumberland County courthouse and delivered an airtight legal document announcing his intention to free, or manumit, more than 500 slave

By a “Deed of Gift” filed with the county courts September 1791, he began the process of manumitting slaves in his lifetime and continued after his death.

His manumission is the largest known release of slaves in North American history prior to the American Civil War and the largest number ever manumitted by an individual in the US.

From Baptist and Swedenborgian influences, Carter concluded that human slavery was immoral. He instituted a program of gradual manumission of all slaves attached to his estate. He designed the program to be gradual to reduce the resistance of White neighbors.

Frequently, Carter rented land to recently freed slaves, sometimes evicting previous White tenants in the process. Toward the end of his life, Carter moved from Virginia to Baltimore, Maryland. In part he wanted some distance from family and neighbors who looked askance at his Swedenborgian faith and program of manumission.

Surnames included in the 1791 Deed of Gift by Robert Carter III:
Allen, Arnold, Bacon, Bailey, Banks, Brooke, Brown, Brutus, Burke, Carey, Cary, Colson, Conway, Cooper, Craft, Dailey/ Daley/Daly, Daniel, Dial, Dicher, Dickson, Dixon, Gaskins, Glascock, Glasscock, Greggs/Griggs, Gumby, Hackney, Halbert, Harris, Harrison, Henry, Hobday, Holladay, Holmes, Hubbard, Johnson, Johnston, Jones, Miller, Mitchell, Morgan, Newgent, Newman, Peterson, Puss, Reed/Reid, Richards, Richardson, Robenson/Robinson, Single, Smith, Spence, Taylor, Thomas, Thompson, Thornton, Tosspot, Trustin, Tuckson, Wade, Walker, Weldon, Wells, Wilson, Wormley, and Wyatt.
( a longer list of names in posted at bottom of this post)

Carter was born into one of the First Families of Virginia, as a grandson of Virginia land baron Robert "King" Carter of Corotoman. In 1732, both his father and grandfather (who both owned and sold slaves), died within four months of each other, leaving the young boy in the care of his uncles Charles and Landon Carter, as well as his mother. In 1735, she remarried to John Lewis of Warner Hall in Gloucester County.

Although his uncles had been sent to England for their education, young Robert was sent to the College of William and Mary, beginning with preparatory classes since he was only nine years old. In 1749 he reached legal age and received his inheritance. After crossing the Atlantic Ocean to Liverpool with Lawrence Washington, Carter traveled to London, where he and Philip Ludwell Lee started legal studies at the Inner Temple..

Carter was a lawyer and slaver from the Northern Neck of Virginia, in what became the United States. For two decades he sat on the Colonial Virginia Governor's Council. After the American Revolutionary War, and influenced by his Baptist faith, Carter began what became the largest manumission and release of enslaved African Americans in North America in the 74 years prior to the American Civil War.

By a deed of gift filed with Northumberland County on September 5, 1791, and related documents filed in Westmoreland County in subsequent years, Carter began manumitting 500 slaves from his plantations in his lifetime. He also settled many of them on land he gave them.

Although his great-grandfather John Carter had freed slaves in his will (as well as provided homesteads and livestock for them), the colony of Virginia made individual manumission illegal in the year Carter's father and grandfather died. It was not authorized again until 1783.

King Carter had greatly expanded the institution of slavery in Virginia, by purchasing many from ships to work on his plantations. He owned more than a thousand slaves upon his death.

King Carter gave his grandson Robert III his first slave (a girl) when the infant was three months old. By the time he came of legal age in 1749, Robert Carter III owned 6,500 acres (2,600 ha) of land and 100 slaves.

Robert's grandfather was also known for going to court in order to get permission to have the toes of runaway slaves cut off. This was done not only to punish runaways, but also as a warning to others.

Although Carter sold land and some slaves to pay his debts in 1758, he did not purchase more slaves (unlike George Washington and other neighbors).

He became known among his neighbors for his humane treatment of the enslaved workers in this region. Carter rarely whipped slaves, or allowed them to be whipped, let alone scarred them, although he whipped his own children, particularly his eldest son Robert Bladen.

Carter's plantations had roughly double the rate of slave population increase as others in the state. Carter was particularly moved by the example of Governor Fauquier, who in his will allowed his slaves to choose their masters.

When Carter became a co-administrator of his father-in-law's estate, he (with the support of Daniel Dulany) delayed scheduling a sale of the slaves of Bel-Air plantation, since that would break up families. But his delays led to more than 18 years of litigation with his Tasker in-laws.

-Note- Because we are interested more in the names of the enslaved and that is a long list, we are suggesting if you want to learn more about Robert Carter III, to please click one of the "source" links at the end of this post. -End Note-

Enslaved Community at Nomini Hall

Enslaved Africans Freed by the Carter Manumission by Chosen Surname

Allen
Aaron Allen

Adam Allen

Anne Allen

Argy Allen

Berkley Allen

Betsy Allen

George Allen

Henry Allen

James Allen

John Allen

Mary Allen

Rebekah Allen

Simon Allen

Titus Allen

Arnold

Bacon
Harry Bacon

Bailey
Griffin Bailey

Banks
Emily Banks

Judith Banks

Brooke
Benjamin Brooke

Brown
Charles Brown

George Brown

George H. B. Ephraim Brown

Thomas T.D. Brown

Brutus
Becky Brutus

Betty Brutus

Joseph Brutus

Judith Brutus

Sally Brutus

Sam Brutus

Sarah Brutus

Silvy Brutus

Burke
Enoch Burke

Henry Burke

James Burke

Jessey Burke

Joseph Burke

Nanny Burke

Nelly Burke

Winney Burke

Carey
Betsey Carey

Dick Carey

Hesse Carey

Lucy Carey

Mary Carey

Nanny Carey

Cary
Betsy Cary

Christina Cary

Chrisy Cary

Criss Cary

Dinah Cary

Flora Cary

George Cary

Henry Cary

Liddy Cary

Lucinda Cary

Mahala Cary

Martha Cary

Molly Cary

Prince Cary

Richard Cary

Teanor Cary

Thomas Cary

Colson
Royal Colson

Conway
Daniel Conway

Joan Conway

Sarah Conway

Cooper
Alexander Cooper

Dilsa Cooper

George Cooper

Mary Cooper

Sarah Cooper

Craft
John Craft

Mary Craft

Dailey/Daley/Daly
Bett Dailey

Boatswain Dailey

Edmond Dailey

Thomas Dailey

Daniel
Abraham Daniel

Betty Daniel

Dial
Daniel Dial

Judith Dial

Lucy Dial

Sarah Dial

Tom Dial

Dicher
Harry Dicher

Dickson
William Dickson

Dixon
Billy Dixon

Elijah Dixon

Fanny Dixon

Flora Dixon

Henney Dixon

Jemima Dixon

Moses Dixon

Nutty Dixon

Prue Dixon

Solomon Dixon

Solomon Dixon

Sukey Dixon

Gaskins
Alce Gaskins

Anna Gaskins

Anne Gaskins

Anthony Gaskins

Aron Gaskins

George Gaskins

Glasgow Gaskins

Hannah Gaskins

Jacob Gaskins

Lydia Gaskins

Molly Gaskins

Moses Gaskins

Patty Gaskins

Peter Gaskins

Ralph Gaskins

Thomas Gaskins

Glascock/Glasscock
Charlotte Glasscock

Glasgow Glasscock

Hannah Glasscock

Mima Glasscock

Polly Glasscock

Greggs/Griggs
Henry Greggs

William Greggs

Ann Grigg

George Griggs

George P. Griggs

Nancy Griggs

William Grigs

Gumby
Abby Gumby

Clouden Gumby

Dorcas Gumby

Frances Gumby

Humphrey Gumby

Joan Gumby

John Gumby

Rose Gumby

Sarah Gumby

Thomas Gumby

Willoughby Gumby

Hackney
Samuel Hackney

Sary Hackney

Halbert
Toliber Halbert

Harris
Agnes Harris

Alexander Harris

Anna Harris

Anne Harris

Anthony Harris

Augustus Harris

Barbary Harris

Benjamin Harris

Charles Harris

Charles Harris

Edmund Harris

Eliza Harris

Elizabeth Harris

Felicia Harris

George Harris

George Harris

George Harris

Gregory Harris

Hannah Harris

Hannah Harris

Issac Harris

Jane Harris

Jane Harris

Jemima Harris

Jesse Harris

Jesse Harris

Keziah Harris

Kitty Harris

Louisa Harris

Maria Harris

Mary Harris

Matilda Harris

Nat Harris

Nathaniel Harris

Obed Harris

Polly Harris

Polly Harris

Rachael Harris

Rachel Harris

Rose Harris

Scythia Harris

Seaton Harris

Winny Harris

Harrison
Amelia Harrison

Baker Harrison

Berkley Harrison

Beverly Harrison

Clara Harrison

Daniel Harrison

Gabriel Harrison

George Harrison

Harry Harrison

James Harrison

Judith Harrison

Mary Harrison

Poly Harrison

Sally Harrison

Samuel Harrison

Samuel Harrison

Samuel Harrison

Sarah Harrison

Titus Harrison

Watt Harrison

Henry

Adam Henry

Alexander Henry

Apollo Henry

Aron Henry

Betty Henry

Billy Henry

Edmond Henry

Eve Henry

George Henry

Harry Henry

James Henry

Kitty Henry

Lucy Henry

Lucy Henry

Oliver Henry

Polly Henry

Prince Henry

Prue Henry

Richard Henry

Rose Henry

Sally Henry

Sally Henry

Thadeus Henry

Thomas Henry

Hobday

John Hobday

Hollady

Betty Hollady

Dorcas Hollady

Holmes

Lee Holmes

Hubbard

Betty Hubbard

Betty Hubbard

Glasgow Hubbard

Henney Hubbard

Hesse Hubbard

Jack Hubbard

Jenny Hubbard

Johnson

Abner Johnson

Alderson Johnson

Amy Johnson

Betsy Johnson

Betty Johnson

Billy Johnson

Cephas Johnson

Criss Johnson

Daniel Johnson

Dennis Johnson

Dick Johnson

Elleck Johnson

Frances Johnson

Gabriel Johnson

George Johnson

Guy Johnson

Hannah Johnson

Harry Johnson

Henry Johnson

Irena Johnson

James Johnson

Jenny Johnson

Jeremiah Johnson

Jerry Johnson

Jesse Johnson

John Johnson

Johnson Johnson

Kate Johnson

Lucy Johnson

Mary Johnson

Nacey Johnson

Patty Johnson

Primus Johnson

Prince Johnson

Sam Johnson

Sarah Johnson

Solomon Johnson

Suckey Johnson

Teanor Johnson

Thomas Johnson

Timothy Johnson

Tom Johnson

John Johnson (Johnston)

Johnston

Dennis Johnston

Faith Johnston

Frederick Johnston

George Johnston

John Johnston

Jone Johnston

Letticia Johnston

Pheby Johnston

Jones

Alexander Jones

Betsy Jones

Billy Jones

Celia Jones

Ciller Jones

George Jones

Henny Jones

Isaac Jones

Jemima Jones

Kitty Jones

Louisa Jones

Martha Jones

Mary Jones

Nancy Jones

Pat Jones

Phillis Jones

Primus Jones

Prince Jones

Rebecca Jones

Sally Jones

Samuel Jones

Sarah Jones

Thomas Jones

Toby Jones

Miller

Dick Miller

Mitchell

David Mitchell

Morgan

Mary Morgan

Newgent

Newman

Areana Newman

Barbara Newman

Betty Newman

Bridget Newman

Charlotte Newman

Charlotte Newman

Criss Newman

Delaseure Newman

Denis Newman

Deniss Newman

Dennis Newman

Dilcey ‘Delsy’ Newman

Dittiny Newman

Eliza Newman

Evelina Newman

Fleet W Newman

Francis Newman

George Newman

Grace Newman

Hannah Newman

Israel Newman

Jacob Newman

James Newman

James Newman

Jefferson Newman

John Newman

John Newman Sr.

Judith Newman

Keziah Newman

Leanna Newman

Lettice Newman

Louisa Newman

Peggy Newman

Phyllis Newman

Rueben Newman

Sam Newman

Samuel Newman

Sawney Newman

Sydnor Newman

Tom Newman

Peterson

Mima Peterson

Puss

Baker Puss

Reed/Reid

Elias Reed

Daniel Reid

Dorcas Reid

John Reid

James Reid

Jemima Reid

Jenny Reid

Joseph Reid

Lettice Reid

Mary Reid

Milly Reid

Polly Reid

Sally Reid

Simon Reid

Richards

Dinah Richards

Richardson
Adderson Richardson

Betty Richardson

Billy Richardson

Daniel Richardson

David Richardson

Frank Richardson

Jesse Richardson

John Richardson

Judith Richardson

Nelly Richardson

Tom Richardson

Robenson/Robinson

Aggy Robinson

Anna Robinson

Betty Robinson

Billy Robinson

Charlotte Robinson

Elijah Robinson

Esther Robinson

Frankey Robinson

James Robinson

John Robinson

Keziah Robinson

Lucy Robinson

Moin Robinson

Oliver Robinson

Patty Robinson

Peggy Robinson

Phillis Robinson

Polly Robinson

Robert Robinson

Sampson Robinson

Tom Robinson

William Robinson

Winny Robinson

Single

Bob Single

Smith

Betsy Smith

Caroline Smith

James Smith

John Smith Jr.

John Smith Sr.

Judith Smith

Levina Smith

Maria Smith

Patty Smith

Rose Smith

Spence

Adam Spence

Dennis Spence

Dinah Spence

Eve Spence

Grace Spence

Hannah Spence

Jesse Spence

Molley Spence

Robin Spence

Suckey Spence

Taylor

Barbara Taylor

Benjamin Taylor

Daniel Taylor

Ned Taylor

Rebecca Ann Taylor

Rose Taylor

Thomas

Horace Thomas

James Thomas

Samuel Thomas

Tilla Thomas

Thompson

Agnes Thompson

Alice Thompson

Celia Thompson

Hannibal Thompson

James Thompson

Joanna Thompson

John Thompson

Lazarus Thompson

Nancy Thompson

Salley Thompson

William Thompson

Thornton

Aggy Thorton

Bett Thorton

Ciller Thorton

Emily Thorton

Lettice Thorton

Lucy Thorton

Mary Thorton

Pressley Thorton

Tom Thorton

Tosspot

Sarah Timothy Tosspot

Trustin

James Trustin

Tuckson

George Tuckson

Harry Tuckson

John Tuckson

Pompey Tuckson

Wade

Fannie Wade

Walker

Catherine Walker

Cornelius Walker

Cynthia Walker

Dina Walker

Felix Walker

Hariah Walker

Sampson Walker

Teanor Walker

Thadeus Walker

Thomas Walker

Weldon

Becky Weldon

Cordelia Weldon

Criss Weldon

Eliza Weldon

George Weldon

Hutchison Weldon

Lihugh Weldon

Sam Weldon

Samuel Weldon

Wells

Dick Wells

Fanny Wells

Henney Wells

Jacob Wells

John Wells

Nancy Wells

Peggy Wells

Polly Wells

Samuel Wells

William Wells

Wilson

Betty Wilson

Daniel Wilson

Emmanuel Wilson

John Wilson

Judith Wilson

Mima Wilson

Moses Wilson

Sam Wilson

Silvy Wilson

Wormley

Daniel Wormley

Rachel Wormley

Ralph Wormley

Ralph Wormley Jr.

Sally Wormley

Wyatt

Micaijah Wyatt

NO SURNAME LISTED

Abby

Abraham

Abram

Anthony

Areana

Armistead

Barbara

Beck

Bett

Betty

Billy

Billy

Billy (Baptist Billy)

Bob

Bob

Cassius

Charlotte

Charlotte

Ciller

Clara

Cupid

David

Delia

Dick

Dick

Dick

Dorcas

Dorcas

Dorcas

Elijah

Elijah

Faddus

Faddus

Fanny

Fanny

Frances

Frances

Frances

Frankey

George

George

George

George

George

Glasgow

Haney

Hannah

Hannah

Hannah

Harry

Henney

Henry

Huchinson

Isaiah

James

James

James

Jenny

Jerry

Jesse

Jesse

Joe

Joe

Joe

John

John

John

John

John

Judith

Kate

Kate

Kitty

Lem

Levi

Levina

Lewis

Lucy

Lyddia

Margery

Martha

Mary

Mary

Mary

‘Mary’ or Nanny

Milly

Mimy

Molly

Molly

Molly

Nancy

Nancy

Nanny

Nanny

Nanny

Nat

Nat

Nelson

Nelson

Nelson

Nelson

Nelson

Newman

Oliver

Oliver

Pat

Patt

Patt

Patty

Paul

Payne

Peg

Peggy

Penelope

Phebe

Phillis

Polly

Pompey

Pressley

Rachel

Rachel

Ralph

Robin

Rose

Sally

Sally

Sally

Sally

Sally

Sally

Sam

Sam

Sampson

Samson

Sarah

Sarah

Sarah

Solomon

Solomon

Stephen

Susanna

Tasco

Teanor

Thomas

Tom

Vincent

Will

Willis

Willoby

Winney

Source link: http://nominihallslavelegacy.com/enslaved/

Source link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Carter_III